Epilepsy & Seizures

Epilepsy is a neurological condition characterised by recurrent seizures caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Diagnosis involves a detailed medical history, neurological examination, and tests such as EEG (electroencephalogram) to measure brain electrical activity. MRI or CT scans may also be needed to identify any structural causes.

A first seizure always requires urgent medical evaluation. After ensuring your immediate safety, you should see a doctor promptly. Your GP can provide an urgent referral to a neurologist. First seizure assessment is important to determine the cause, risk of recurrence, and whether treatment is needed. Keep a record of what happened before, during, and after the seizure.

While epilepsy cannot always be cured, it can be very well controlled in most people. Approximately 70% of people with epilepsy can become seizure-free with the right medication. Some people may eventually be able to stop medication, while others may need lifelong treatment. For drug-resistant epilepsy, surgical options may be considered.

Seizures are broadly classified as focal (starting in one area of the brain) or generalised (affecting both sides). Focal seizures may cause unusual sensations, movements, or altered awareness. Generalised seizures include tonic-clonic (convulsions), absence seizures (brief staring spells), and myoclonic seizures (sudden jerks). The type of seizure helps guide treatment choices.

Driving regulations for people with epilepsy vary by state but generally require you to be seizure-free for a specific period (usually 12 months for private vehicle licence in Australia). You must notify your state transport authority and your neurologist will assess your fitness to drive. Driving against medical advice can void your insurance and have legal consequences.

Most women with epilepsy can have healthy pregnancies, but planning is important. Some anti-epileptic medications can affect pregnancy, so discuss your plans with your neurologist before conceiving. Medication adjustments may be needed, and higher doses of folic acid are often recommended. Our team provides specialised care for women's epilepsy including pregnancy planning.